|
Charge controllers are included in most PV systems to protect
the batteries from overcharge and/or excessive discharge. The
minimum function of the controller is to disconnect the array
when the battery is fully charged and keep the battery fully
charged without damage. The charging routine is not the same
for all batteries: a charge controller designed for lead-acid
batteries should not be used to control NiCd batteries.
The basic criteria for selecting a controller includes the
operating voltage and the PV array current. Controllers are critical
components in stand-alone PV systems because a controller failure
can damage the batteries or load. The controller must be sized
to handle the maximum current produced by the PV array.
There are two types of controllers: series and shunt. Series
controllers stop the flow of current by opening the circuit between
the battery and the PV array. Shunt controllers divert the PV
array current from the battery. Both types use solid state battery
voltage measurement devices and shunt controllers are 100% solid
state.
|
Solar Charge
Controller Information